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diagnosis nephrology causes classification hyponatremia adh algorithm distal ebv elevation epithelial gitelman heat heatstroke high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypovolemia illness inherited
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... RTA is the true Nephrogenic ... intercalated cells - A Low ... diseases(Sjogren's Syndrome ... RTA #diagnosis #differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
osmolality helps to differentiate ... asymptomatic to seizures ... the hypothalamus detect ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... B3: Hereditary Defects ... myopathies - Defects
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Hereditary defects ... Acidosis B. ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential
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