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diagnosis nephrology causes algorithm classification defects epithelial gitelman heat heatstroke high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia illness inherited kidney pathophysiology potassium renal
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
cotransporter in distal ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Acidosis Distal ... RTA is the true Nephrogenic ... intercalated cells - A Low ... diseases(Sjogren's Syndrome ... RTA #diagnosis #differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
of cells on the distal ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... Decreased distal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential
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