15 results
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Elevation, Lactic ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... renal perfusion (Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice, Cereals • Low ... to congestive heart ... also seen • Lactic ... acidosis may not
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hypervolemia: Congestive Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... Restriction for all • Heart ... SIADH — look for cause ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #treatment #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... #causes #treatment