10 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... in Short Bowel Syndrome
Patients with CHD are exceptionally sensitive to the effects of bronchiolitis on their volume status
Four principles
Anxiolysis to improve work ... kg. 3.Correct acidosis ... Give IV sodium bicarbonate ... saturation is very low ... #Management #Peds
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... - Metabolic acidosis ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... diagnosis #nephrology #management
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
Ketosis (SK), acidosis ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... both conditions, low ... differential #algorithm #management
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Check fresh gas flow ... overload / TURP syndrome ... intracranial pressure, seizure ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
possible fresh gas flow ... metoprolol Metabolic acidosis ... hyperventilate, sodium ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... full infectious work-up ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... consciousness, seizures