10 results
diagnosis differential algorithm hyponatremia causes hypokalemia management anticoagulation chloride citrate classification elevation gitelman heat heatstroke hypotonic illness lactate metabolic pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low ... metabolism Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology
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