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diagnosis differential causes edema ncpe nephrology noncardiogenic signs symptoms algorithm beriberi bulimianervosa cardiology classification complications deficiency elevation emergencies gitelman heat
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome: - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... - CHF - Pulmonary ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations Causes of Thiamine Deficiency: • Poor intake: - Diets
- Refeeding syndrome ... rice, Cereals • Low ... HF • Moderate pulmonary ... seen • Lactic acidosis ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... hemorrhage, and seizure ... Edema: • Pathophysiology ... • Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... output - Acute pulmonary ... - Compartment syndrome
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications GASTROINTESTINAL • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... hormonal imbalances (low ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia ... Complications #pathophysiology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... consciousness, seizures ... renal failure, pulmonary
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