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diagnosis differential causes management nephrology refeeding signs algorithm bulimianervosa complications edema emergencies gitelman heat heatstroke hematology hemeonc hypokalemia illness leukostasis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Syncope • Signs/Symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... : • Pathophysiology ... dysrhythmias, seizures ... , Elevated Cr, Low
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome: - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... disturbances: low ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: • Accumulation
10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... hemorrhage, and seizure ... • Signs/Symptoms
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications GASTROINTESTINAL • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... hormonal imbalances (low ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... TLS (tumor-lysis syndrome ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... consciousness, seizures
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