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differential nephrology causes hyponatremia management algorithm defects epithelial gitelman heatstroke hypokalemia hypotonic illness kidney pathophysiology physiologic rhabdomyolysis stroke treatment tubule
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: Hypovolemia, Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... renal perfusion (Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) - Volume depletion
Diagnosis by Mechanism ... depletion - Heart ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Diagnosis Framework ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... per day until stable
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Inherited (AR) ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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