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diagnosis differential hyponatremia management algorithm table congenital diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion gitelman hypokalemia hypotonic longqt medications neurology pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Congenital Long QT Syndrome: Illness Script Who? - Kids or young adults, usually < 30 - high
Congenital Long QT Syndrome ... - Syncope - Seizure ... imbalances (especially low ... family history) Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
epilepticus Treatment ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... : Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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