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diagnosis differential causes nephrology table workup acidosis adh algorithm ebv elevation epithelial high hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypomg hyponatremia hypovolemia inherited
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... asymptomatic to seizures ... the hypothalamus detect ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... B3: Hereditary Defects ... myopathies - Defects ... #typea #typeb #classification
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions •
vasculitis) - Affects ... VASCULITIS: • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... • Complement (Low ... #rheumatology #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Hereditary defects ... the epithelial sodium ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... High #Potassium #Classification
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