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differential causes classification nephrology algorithm disorders edema elevation emergencies gitelman heat heatstroke hemeonc high htn hyperkalemia hypertension hypertensive hypokalemia illness
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure ... #cardiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Chronic Hypertension: • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg •
evidence of organ injury ... : Tonic-clonic seizure ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low ... htn #obstetrics #cardiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Acidosis B. ... neuromuscular injury ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... consciousness, seizures ... Oncology #HemeOnc #Diagnosis
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