12 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... risk for cerebral edema ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Framework and Management ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... #Management #causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
after an acute injury ... • Diagnosis: ... myalgia - Edema ... of spinal cord injury ... Spinal shock vs Neurogenic
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
evidence of organ injury ... Cr), pulmonary edema ... : Tonic-clonic seizure ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... Traumatic brain injury ... hemorrhage, and seizure