8 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
respiratory distress syndrome ... contents • Head injury ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... Traumatic brain injury ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... • Hyponatremia ... specific bleeding disorders ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... Pulmonary Edema ... Traumatic brain injury ... hemorrhage, and seizure
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
INSPIRED OXYGEN • Low ... to neurologic injury ... OSA DIFFUSION DISORDER ... edema (most common ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
doubling of Cr), pulmonary ... edema, cerebral ... : Tonic-clonic seizure ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... output - Acute pulmonary ... edema - Mesenteric ... - Compartment syndrome
Evaluation of Recurrent Falls

Core Concept:
Maintaining an upright posture requires the integrated function of multiple systems.
Disruption in
cardiogenic) - Pulmonary ... muscle wasting, slow ... instability (e.g., post-injury ... - Stroke - Seizure ... Evaluation #Geriatrics #Neurology