8 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... - Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Management
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... Diuretics • If low ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... sweat Heat Injury ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Toaster Electrocution Electrical Injury
Primary determination of injury extent = amount of CURRENT flowing through body.
VARIABLES: voltage,
Low-Voltage <1000V ... coagulation, compartment syndrome ... CNS- stroke, seizure ... arrest (arrthymia), seizure ... clinical #video #nsfw
Lightning Strike Electrical Injury
Types of Lightning Strikes: Direct, Side Splash, Contact injury, Ground current
ELECTRICAL INJURIES: Primary
Strike Electrical Injury ... Low-Voltage <1000V ... coagulation, compartment syndrome ... CNS- stroke, seizure ... clinical #video #NSFW
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... diagnosis #nephrology #management