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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia algorithm cardiology management nutrition beriberi bulimianervosa classification complications deficiency digoxin edema emergencies gitelman heatstroke hemeonc high
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... renal perfusion (Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pharmacology and Pathophysiology ... Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Decreased heart ... hypokalemia (or low
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hypervolemia: Congestive Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... • Congestive heart ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations Causes of Thiamine Deficiency: • Poor intake: - Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice, Cereals • Low ... to congestive heart ... seen • Lactic acidosis ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
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