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diagnosis differential management nephrology algorithm emergencies gitelman heat heatstroke hematology hemeonc hypokalemia hyponatremia illness leukostasis lysis neurology nutrition oncologic oncology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... : • Pathophysiology ... dysrhythmias, seizures ... , Elevated Cr, Low
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Rhabdomyolysis • Seizures ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology: • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... Pathophysiology ... antibody that works ... Treatment: • ... others (botox, sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... full infectious work-up ... acid, high LDH, low ... Treat underlying cause ... consciousness, seizures
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