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diagnosis differential management nephrology oncology tls tumor algorithm anticonvulsants cancer cardiology causes edema emergencies gitelman heat heatstroke hematology hypokalemia hyponatremia
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis ... Syndrome Leukostasis ... : • Pathophysiology ... Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... dysrhythmias, seizures
Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Pathophysiology Culprits: ALL, Burkitt, SCLC Cells all die at once = ↑Phos, ↓Ca, ↑K,
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... (TLS) Pathophysiology ... = Arrhythmia, seizure ... #Syndrome #TLS ... #Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... and Treatment Hyponatremia ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Early death Neutropenic ... EMERGENCIES: Tumor Lysis ... Syndrome: • Azotemia ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework NCPE Pathophysiology: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
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