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diagnosis differential causes nephrology algorithm hyponatremia management treatment edema gitelman ncpe neurology noncardiogenic pediatrics peds pulmonary rhabdomyolysis signs symptoms table
Causes of Provoked Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - "DIMS" Mnemonic Drugs: • Drug overdose •
Provoked Pediatric Seizures ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... • Sturge-Weber Syndrome ... DIMS #Mnemonic #Seizures
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... hypercalcemia - Chronic hypokalemia ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... -> Withdrawal seizure ... vomiting, diarrhea, hyponatremia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Infantile: • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy • West
Causes of Pediatric Seizures ... Infection: • Febrile Seizures ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... • Hyponatremia ... Cataplexy #Seizures
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... tachycardia • Seizures ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
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