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diagnosis differential nephrology causes algorithm management table treatment acidosis anesthesia anesthesiology cancer checklist criticalcare diuresis diuretics emergencies excretion heat heatstroke
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Vascular: Stroke, Hypertension ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... tone → Postural hypotension ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary Hypertension ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... #Secondary #Hypertension ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Early death Neutropenic ... heart sounds, hypotension ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Intraoperative Hypertension ... in Anaesthesia Hypertension ... overload / TURP syndrome ... intracranial pressure, seizure ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
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