187 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
syndrome • Arthritis ... : • Neuropathy ... , peroneal neuropathy ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Mechanisms of Pain ... - Nociceptive/Neuropathic ... Complex regional pain ... syndrome - Deafferentation ... Spinal injury #Pain
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - Herpes Zoster Oticus 
Triad:
1. Ipsilateral facial paralysis 
2. Ear pain 
3. Vesicles
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome ... Ear pain 3. ... Peripheral motor neuropathy ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... • Stroke syndromes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... sensation, etc) • Neuropathic ... pain (shooting, ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Freiberg's Test for Piriformis Syndrome

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, internally rotate the hip.
Pain in the
for Piriformis Syndrome ... Pain in the sciatic ... #Piriformis #syndrome ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... #msk #sports #orthopedics
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms
 • Back/Neck Pain
 • Decr Range of motion
 • Abnormal posturing
 •
• Back/Neck Pain ... nerve root) • Neuropathic ... Pain: -> Shooting ... root, worsens pain ... Radiculopathy #MSK
Pace Maneuver for Piriformis Syndrome

With the patient's hips and needs flexed to 90 degrees, the patient
for Piriformis Syndrome ... positive if there is pain ... Test #Piriformis #Syndrome ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... lumbar #sciatica #msk
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... Loss of pain and ... Extremity Dysfunction (pain ... level of iniury, pain ... signs #symptoms #msk
Clarke's Test (Patellar Grind Test)

Indicates Patellofemoral dysfunction.
 - Patient with knee in extension. Push posterior on
of patella then ask ... Positive sign: Pain ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... Patellofemoral #msk
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
Patellofemoral Syndrome ... Anterior Knee Pain ... kneeling worsens pain ... Patellofemoral #Syndrome ... signs #symptoms #msk