11 results
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Malformation Normal ... CXR/CT • Hematemesis ... Bronchitis Diffuse CT ... Abnormalities • CHF ... polyangiitis Vascular
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... ischemic changes CXR ... vascular congestion ... ECHO: • Normal ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
Redistribution In a normal ... The pulmonary vascular ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Cathepsin G release → vascular ... - pulmonary opacities ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF ... 500 mg QD until normal
There are three principal varieties of pulmonary edema: cardiac, overhydration and increased capillary permeability (ARDS). 
The
principal varieties of pulmonary ... The vascular pedicle ... edema (6): - Normal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Vascular
Previous normal chest x-ray (left) and CHF stage II with perihilar haze (right). On the left
Previous normal ... diameter of the pulmonary ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Lateral # ... CHF #Vascular #Engorgement
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... pulse deficits vascular ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF
Artery-to-bronchus ratio 
Normally the vessels in the upper lobes are smaller than the accompanying bronchus with
Artery-to-bronchus ratio Normally ... redistribution of pulmonary ... diameter > 3 mm (normal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Vascular
Dilation of the azygos vein is a sign of increased right atrial pressure and is usually
azygos vein is a sign ... the width of the vascular ... is most likely abnormal ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Azygous
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
The following signs ... increased width of the vascular ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar ... #Pulmonary #Edema