2067 results
Pulmonary Arterial Catheterization – Use and Interpretation:
-Pulmonary arterial catheterization (PAC) has never been shown to improve
Diagnosis #PACatheter #NormalValues ... PCWP #Pressures #SVR
Lead aVR on EKG
Lead aVR can provide some unique insight into 5 different conditions:

 - Acute
Lead aVR on EKG ... Lead aVR can provide ... Differentiating VT from SVT ... EKG #ECG #Lead #AVR
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
1500 d/s/cm5) (SVR ... -120 d/s/cm5) (PVR ... ml/beats/m2) (SVI ... [MAP – PCWP] x SVI ... mean PAp – CVP] x SVI
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Framework MAP = CO x SVR ... third-spacing • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... PAH • ↓ CO, ↑ SVR ... toxins • ↑ CO, ↓ SVR
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
High CO / Low SVR ... Low CO / High SVR ... Low CO / High SVR ... Low CO / High SVR
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
Increases BP, SVR ... Increases BP, SVR ... Increases HR, SVR ... Increases BP, SVR ... vasoconstriction, SVR
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome on Physical Exam

Prominent dilated collateral veins are seen bypassing the SVC obstruction

#SVC
bypassing the SVC ... obstruction #SVC ... Cava #Syndrome #PhysicalExam
Lead AVR on ECG
1. Acute myocardial infarction: ST elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR, indicative of
Lead AVR on ECG ... elevation > 1.5 mm in aVR ... PR elevation in aVR ... PR elevation in aVR ... - R/S ratio in aVR
Pressors and Inotropes

Norepinephrine
 • alpha1 > beta 1
 • Increase SVR > Inotropy
Vasopressin
 • V1
 •
1 • Increase SVR ... V1 • Increase SVR ... 1 • Increase SVR ... Inotropy > Increase SVR ... Inotropy, Decrease SVR
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines vs Non-Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine, nicardipine)
 • SVR: Decrease
 • Inotropy:
nicardipine) • SVR ... verapamil) • SVR