11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... /low blood pressure ... , Gitelman syndrome ... gap metabolic acidosis ... of sodium and potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Normal/low blood ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis ... gap metabolic acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... or low blood pressure ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA)) ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Metabolic alkalosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... tubular acidosis ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... tubular acidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Diagnosis ECF ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
type A/B • Uric Acid ... Tubular Acidosis ... type 1-4, Lowe ... Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... #differential #diagnosis