61 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... compensatory HTN • Seizures ... Scleroderma renal crises ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Gestational Hypertension & Preeclampsia

Gestational Hypertension (gHTN) 
• BP > 140/90 
• Onset > 20 wks gestation
Gestational Hypertension ... Gestational Hypertension ... Cerebral/visual symptoms ... Preeclampsia + Grand Mal Seizure ... HELLP Syndrome
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Vascular: Stroke, Hypertension ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Intracranial hypertension ... , Seizures ... Hepatorenal syndrome ... Hepatoadrenal syndrome ... failure #Signs #Symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... • Headache • Seizures ... Neurological symptoms ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... #Workup #causes
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... Hemorrhage • Hypertensive ... Benign intracranial hypertension
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis. 
Neurological (<15%): Dizziness, syncope, seizures, Confusion, impending doom. headache
Angioedema: Lips, tongue, orbit,
Dizziness, syncope, seizures ... , hypovolemia, hypotension ... arrest, Kounis syndrome ... arrest GI (>40%): Nausea ... anaphylaxis #signs #symptoms
REBEL Review 99: Serotonin Syndrome via Yosuf Alam, MSIV

Presentation: Altered mentd status, Seizures, Myoclonus, Hypertension, Hyperthermia
99: Serotonin Syndrome ... mentd status, Seizures ... , Myoclonus, Hypertension ... Hyperthermia (most common cause
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
• Serotonin Syndrome ... Hyperactivity: Hypertension ... SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome ... Dizziness - Nausea ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms