9 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Other medications ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology