872 results
Chronic Diarrhea Differential Diagnosis
 • Inflammatory, Infectious: Recurrent C. diff, Giardiasis
 • Inflammatory, Non-infectious: IBD, Ischemia,
, Radiation • Osmotic ... Lactose intolerance, Medication ... Dysmotility: IBS, Medications
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
inhibitor) 2) Osmotic ... pharmacology #nephrology #medications
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
• Triamterene OSMOTIC ... #Diuretics #Medications
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Increased Interstitial Oncotic ... Decreased Capillary Oncotic
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Renal loss • Medication ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic
Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Inflammatory
    - Invasive Infections
    - Non-Infections
Watery
Non-Infections Watery - Osmotic
Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Edema: #Diagnosis #Pathophys #EM #IM #Edema #Lower #LowerExtremity #Causes #Starling #Oncotic #Hydrostatic
Causes #Starling #Oncotic
Acute Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Ischemic: Small Bowel vs Large Bowel
 • Infectious: Diarrhea-Predominant
Non-Bloody • Dietary (osmotic
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
- Mineral oil Osmotic ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
CAR-T therapy • Osmotic ... algorithm #nephrology #Medications