34 results
HACEK is the acronym commonly used to describe and help doctors to remember a group of
which can also cause ... is caused by HACEK ... is caused by Alpha-haemolytic ... #Diagnosis #InfectiousDiseases ... #HACEK #Organisms
Endocarditis - Duke Criteria - Major and Minor

MAJOR CRITERIA: 
 - Persistently +ve blood culture for
Endocarditis - Duke ... culture for typical organisms ... Osler's nodes, Roth spots ... criteria #Endocarditis ... #Major #Minor #Diagnosis
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood ... negative infective endocarditis ... Although HACEK organisms ... #differential #diagnosis ... #negative #Endocarditis
Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

General 
 - Malaise 
 - Clubbing 

Cardiac 
 - Murmurs
Features of Infective Endocarditis ... Eyes - Roth spots ... #Infective #Endocarditis ... Signs #Features #PhysicalExam ... #Diagnosis
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
nodes • Roth’s spots ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Differential Diagnosis ... Diagnosis? ... Treat underlying cause
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Skin Rash

40 M presents w/ N, V, severe epigastric pain. SHx: smoker, drinks 18
bites: consider organisms ... dogs & latter can cause ... gram-negative bacillus cause ... to meningitis, endocarditis ... the key to the diagnosis
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis ... but important causes ... Although HACEK organisms ... BCNIE Diagnostic ... #diagnosis #differential
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Causes of Petechial ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Schonlein Purpura - Endocarditis ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #dermatology #physicalexam