18 results
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
findings in many diseases ... principally responsible organ ... broad range of signs ... presents with signs ... #electrolyte #algorithm
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
and associated disorders ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Autoimmune thyroid disease ... and associated disorders ... Insufficiency #Signs
Eosinophil Disorders Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Peripheral blood eosinophilia/hypereosinophilia uncovered incidentally during medical evaluation or
Eosinophil Disorders ... Testing Algorithm ... workup for specific symptoms ... indicated • For organ-specific ... signs or symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
mainly AQP4-lgG disease ... pain • Extra-CNS complications ... Comorbid autoimmune disorders ... diagnosis #neurology #symptoms ... #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... of end-organ damage ... including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... Renal parenchymal disease
Clinical Feature of Hypomagnesemia and Magnesium Deficiency
 • Electrolyte Disturbance: Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia
 • Neuromuscular and central
, Hypocalcemia ... sensitivity • Complications ... Atherosclerotic vascular disease ... Hypomagnesemia #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #Treatment
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
with no early symptoms ... Physical Exam/Signs ... infiltrate any organ ... cells can indicate disease ... lymphoproliferative disorders
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
search for warning signs ... or symptoms warranting ... underlying heart disease ... underlying heart disease ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
When present, symptoms ... , signs, and complications ... • "Vasomotor" symptoms ... • Treatment algorithms ... von Willebrand disease