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diagnosis differential algorithm management microscopy treatment clinical syndrome acute aki nephrotic renal granular nephritic neurology proteinuria siadh urology workup blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... Immune mediated injury ... : - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... on Urine Microscopy ... of mb granular casts ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Clinical #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... benign sediment (injury ... ) proteinuria (injury
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Lipid Casts on Urine Microscopy Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10 #Lipid #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #fatty #nephrology
Lipid Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #Lipid #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... clinical #fatty #nephrology
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 Waxy Casts on Urine Microscopy Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10 #Waxy #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
Waxy Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #Waxy #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
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 RBC Casts on Urine Microscopy Dr. Telma Lemos @TELMALEMOS10 #RBC #Casts #Urine #Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
RBC Casts on Urine ... TELMALEMOS10 #RBC #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #clinical #nephrology
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