12 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... nephrology #sodium #low
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Malnutrition due to chronic ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... processed grains - Chronic ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... - Chronic neurological ... : - Impaired short-term
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
bowel disease, Chronic ... diarrhoea, Short ... bowel syndrome, ... Musculoskeletal: Low ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... age 70 years Symptoms ... Pinpoint-sized red spots ... Out Secondary Causes ... Marrow Failure • Chronic
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
elevation • Nausea ... , vomiting, diarrhea ... 14%), in which case ... Phase: • The short ... Treatment: • ART to slow
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... (It's usually low ... Constitutional symptoms ... Abdominal pain, chronic ... • Hyponatremia
Clinical Presentations Suggestive of Infectious Diarrhea Etiologies
 • Persistent or chronic diarrhea - Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia
Persistent or chronic ... infections can cause ... Bacillus cereus (short-incubation ... less - Norovirus (low-grade ... infections) • Chronic