422 results
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
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< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Concepts > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... IVContrast #Dyes #Classification ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
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Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY
A lazy man's classification of hyponatremia
There are two possible approaches to the diagnosis of hyponatremia: .
A lazy man's classification ... same tests (serum osmolality ... , urine osmolality
IV Fluid Composition and Effects on Plasma
0.9% Saline
Ringer's Lactate
Balanced Crystalloid

#IVFluid #Composition #Plasma #comparison #Effects #nephrology #pharmacology
IV Fluid Composition ... Crystalloid #IVFluid #Composition
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Comparison Composition ... lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... of 9 kcal/L Composition ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity
Calculating Plasma Osmolality and Osmolal Gap

Calculated Osmolality = 2 x Na  + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
Calculating Plasma Osmolality ... Calculated Osmolality ... Gap = Calculated Osmolality ... - Measured Osmolality ... #Osmolal #Gap #Osmolarity
Crystalloid Composition - Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, Hartmann's Solution, PlasmaLyte

Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- 
Acetate 
Lactate 
Gluconate 
Bicarbonate
Crystalloid Composition ... Bicarbonate Osmolarity ... #Crystalloids #Composition
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm

Not the "classic" Volume based approach. 

#Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Nephrology #UOsm #Osmolality
Classifications for COPD through the Years
Graphic Design by Mr. Ramon Thompson
#Diagnosis #COPD #Classification #Severity #Critera #GOLD2006
Classifications ... Diagnosis #COPD #Classification