481 results
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Composition of LR: • Sodium ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
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< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Concepts > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... High-osmolar contrast medium ... low-osmolar contrast medium ... iso-osmolar contrast medium ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Dr Pravin Patel

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #potassium #differential #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia ... Pravin Patel #Hypokalemia ... #Hyperkalemia #
ECG Changes with Potassium Imbalance
 - Normokalemia
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hyperkalemia

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #ECG #potassium #cardiology #ekg
Normokalemia - Hypokalemia ... - Hyperkalemia ... #Hypokalemia # ... Hyperkalemia #ECG
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
retention 1) Serum Osmolarity ... 2) Urine Osmolarity ... 3) Urine Sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Sodium zirconium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... to moderate); hypokalemia ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Medicine @ucsdim #Hyperkalemia