481 results
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Composition of LR: • Sodium ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... lactate 28 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... 154 mEq/L • Osmolarity ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia
Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid-Base
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General Concepts
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< Osmolality vs osmolarity
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Osmolality
[H 20)
Milliosmoles per kg of water. The osmolality is the
Concepts > < Osmolality ... vs osmolarity ... ★ Osmolality [ ... The osmolality is ... Osmolarity (mOsm
Contrast dyes are divided into three groups based on their osmolarity.  High-osmolar contrast medium (HOCM),
based on their osmolarity ... High-osmolar contrast medium ... low-osmolar contrast medium ... iso-osmolar contrast medium ... LowOsmolarity #Osmolality
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Dr Pravin Patel

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #potassium #differential #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia ... Pravin Patel #Hypokalemia ... #Hyperkalemia #
ECG Changes with Potassium Imbalance
 - Normokalemia
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hyperkalemia

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #ECG #potassium #cardiology #ekg
Normokalemia - Hypokalemia ... - Hyperkalemia ... #Hypokalemia # ... Hyperkalemia #ECG
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Sodium zirconium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... to moderate); hypokalemia ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
retention 1) Serum Osmolarity ... 2) Urine Osmolarity ... 3) Urine Sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Medicine @ucsdim #Hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Check plasma osmolality ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... DECREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY