10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... acidosis: Gl tract ... and distal RTA, ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Distal (classic) ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... acidosis: Proximal ... RTA, Distal RTA ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... (11-ß HSD type ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Overview What ... of cells on the distal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Calcium Phosphate: Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... Failure • SLE • Type ... #high #nephrology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
The metabolism of ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management ... #criticalcare #foamed
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
(PRES) Overview ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology