7 results
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... protein - Low ... Targeted Rx: • PRIMARY ... #Management #Pediatrics ... #nephrology #nephrolithiasis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #nephrology #low
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... • Normal or Low
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... Hypercalcemic states ... , Primary or secondary ... #magnesium #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... insipidus • Kidney stones ... kidney disease • Primary ... insipidus • Primary
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Overview What ... • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology