11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... • Cl- responsive ... metabolic alkalosis ... Kidney loss of Cl ... #causes #urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Algorithm Cl- ... loss of Cl- ... of Cl- outside ... Cystic fibrosis Cl
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Diuretics (discontinued ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Alkalosis Urine ... Contraction Urine Cl ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
, Low R - Primary ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... , Diuretics, Bartter ... differential #potassium #nephrology