3 results
Severe Mitral Stenosis on Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Spontaneous contrast 'smoke' in the left atrium
AF + stasis = huge
' in the left atrium ... = huge risk of thrombus ... Labeled "hockey ... stick" sign schematic ... #Smoke
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
carcinoid disease, endomyocardial ... vegetations)/tumor (left atrial ... myxoma)/ball valve ... thrombus - When ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis
Tropical Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF)
snrunken ventnoes
Hallmark chronic EMF features include:
 • Apical obliteration of the left and/or
with overlying thrombus ... cardiac MR (double V sign ... ventricles and marked atria ... muscles leading to mitral ... #diagnosis