267 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
blood (measured on ABG ... cardiac output) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... summary #pulmonary #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #differential
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... AcidBase #Disorders #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... flail chest) • Low ... , Low Fio2 A-a ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Evaluation and Differential ... 3) Now, look at ... approximates an ABG ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2 ... Differential Diagnosis
Severe Asthma Exacerbation
Signs of a Severe Asthma Exacerbation:
 • Vitals: ↑HR ↑RR ↓SpO2
 • High work
wheezing OR poor air flow ... • ABG: - ... High pCO2 / low ... Abnormally normal ABG ... breathing • Peak flow
Approach to Selecting Respiratory Support:
-The role of noninvasive respiratory support is generally to reduce the patient's
normalize the ABG ... than monitoring ABG ... never be used to “blow ... off” CO2 in a patient ... RespiratorySupport #Selection #Algorithm
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... NAGMA - Chem, ABG ... • Serum K: low ... Metabolic #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... Algorithm Instead ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid