54 results
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... blood (measured on ABG ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Blood Gas (ABG) ... Look at the pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... AmyChung #AcidBase #ABG
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
cycle to uncover pathophysiology ... regarding pulmonary pathophysiology ... CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ... Assessing for CO2 ... WAVEFORM - Critical
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Purple #Urine #Bag ... Syndrome #PUBS #pathophysiology ... #clinical #photo
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings Antigens (Ag ... cell-dependent Ag ... : Ag-presenting ... Humoral #Immunity #pathophysiology
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
Gap ACID-BASE AG ... pCO2 = 0.9 (HCO3 ... for each 10 T in pCO2 ... for each 10 1 in pCO2 ... 70 mmHg on 100% mask
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
Pathogenesis and clinical ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
Simple Face Mask ... permit exhaled CO2 ... Nonrebreather Mask ... use of reservoir bag ... Venturi Mask (venti-mask
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
GrepMed Handbook Clinical ... ± blood/mucus, Abd ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... proliferation (Abx ... up to 10w post-ABx
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
shunt (Type 2) Clinical ... • Orthopnea - PaO2 ... Arterial blood gas (ABC ... Oxygenation defect - PaO2 ... transplant - Lizzie Aby