54 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... < 35 mmHg) #AcidBase ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Look at the pCO2 ... Metabolic Equal (If pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... @AmyChung #AcidBase
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... Acetazolamide Causes ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase
Chronic Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Intra-Articular
 - Bone
     • Stress
Fasciitis) - Muscle ... Delayed Onset Muscle ... Intraarticular #MSK ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pain/Proximal Muscle ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... #Orthopedics #Causes
TISSUE APPEARANCES ON 
MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND 

Bone:
 
Bone is represented as a very bright structure and appears
Muscle: Muscle ... normal skeletal muscles ... background reflecting muscle ... MUSCULOSKELETAL #MSK ... #POCUS #Atlas #
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
permit exhaled CO2 ... Nonrebreather Mask ... retention of exhaled gases ... Venturi Mask (venti-mask ... • Uses either
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Demyelinating Disease (MS ... aminoglycosides) • Muscles ... Neuromuscular #Weakness #Causes
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Hematoma Venous Causes ... Lyme disease Muscle ... Causes of Leg Pain ... lower #extremity #msk
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... The most common causes ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... asthma - accessory muscle ... - Hypoxemia (PaO2