33 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
HCO3 12:10 • Respiratory ... Acidosis (pCO2 ... HCO3 7:10 • Respiratory ... Alkalosis (pCO2 ... < 35 mmHg) #AcidBase
Acid Base Compensation - Directions - If all three variables (pH, HCO2, pCO2) move in the
variables (pH, HCO2 ... , pCO2) move in ... it is a primary respiratory ... Diagnosis #Nephro #AcidBase ... Alkalosis #Metabolic #Respiratory
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
- Metabolic + Respiratory ... acidosis pH ↑ pCO2 ... ↓ - Respiratory ... ↑ - Respiratory ... Interpretation #AcidBase
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... Respiratory Acidosis ... production Respiratory ... MD @nickmmark #acidbase
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Look at the pCO2 ... Metabolic Equal (If pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... calculate the expected pCO2 ... MSc @AmyChung #AcidBase
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... or restrictive lung ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase
Acid-Base Disorders - Expected Compensation Equations

Metabolic Acidosis:
 • pCO2 = 1.5 x HCO3 + 8 ±
Acidosis: • pCO2 ... ↑ 0.7 Respiratory ... ∆ HCO3 ↑ 3 Respiratory ... #Acid #Base #AcidBase ... Compensation #Metabolic #Respiratory
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
different phases of respiratory ... Assessing for CO2 ... PHASE I - Inspiratory ... Transition as CO2 ... the heart to the lung
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Criteria for Acute Respiratory ... Syndrome (ARDS) - Respiratory ... lobar collapse, lung ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... #ARDS #Acute #Respiratory