159 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... • Respiratory Acidosis ... (pCO2 > 40 mmHg ... #Causes #Compensation
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
stagnant hypoxia (e.g low ... cardiac output) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... Respiratory Acidosis ... Medications, Central, ↑ CO2 ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Algorithm #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes #Nausea #Vomiting #Differential #NonGI
Causes of Nausea ... - Differential Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Causes #Nausea ... Differential #NonGI #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia #Acidosis #Alkalosis #Algorithm #Differential #Ddxof
Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM ... #Hypokalemia #Acidosis ... #Alkalosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
are they more acidotic ... 3) Now, look at ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2 ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... : Lactic Acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Causes of Metabolic ... Acidosis - Gap ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes