932 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary ... Diffusion Defect: Pulmonary ... alveolar #arterial #pulmonary
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
monitor cardiac & pulmonary ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... PaCO2 - Arterial ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Perform computations online at:
ScyMed.com
6th ED
ICU-card
«ICU, Formulas & Drugs»
HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS
Condition
SAP
CVP

PAP PCWP

CO C(a-v)02 PVR

SVR
Hypovolemic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
Cardiogenic shock
↓
1
↑
1

1
↑

Septic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↓
↓
↓
Cardiac Tamponade
.
↑
↑
1
↓

→
↑
RV
→ ↓ → →↑ Pulmonary ... +2PDP)/3 Mean Pulmonary ... MPAP-WP)*79.92)/CO Pulmonary ... MPAP-WP)*79.92)/CI Pulmonary ... = 1.36 cmH20 PULMONARY
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
data regarding pulmonary ... pathophysiology CLINICAL ... WAVEFORM - Critical ... output state - Pulmonary ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
+ (↑ pH) • ↓ PCO2 ... + (Acid) • ↑ PCO2 ... pathophysiology #pulmonary
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Berlin Criteria for Acute ... week of a known clinical ... consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... H2O #ARDS #Acute
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical ... leading to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... on CT or CXR ● PaO2
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... Compensation, Acute ... Classically” noted with pulmonary
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2 ... diagnosis #comparison #pulmonary