100 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
) PIO2 - atmospheric ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... #pulmonary #differential
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia ... Hypoxemia - Partial ... arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2 ... diagnosis #comparison #pulmonary
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Interstitial lung ... disease • Pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
monitor cardiac & pulmonary ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... intubation, single lung ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Response Management Algorithm ... pneumonia • Water: pulmonary ... atelectasis • Lung ... Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm ... #rapid #pulmonary
Pediatric Pneumonia on POCUS

Nothing as satisfying as when the normal lung gives way to pneumonia. 

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Pediatric Pneumonia ... when the normal lung ... AirBronchograms #Pediatrics ... Peds #Clinical #Lung ... #Pulmonary #ShredSign
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
2. pCO2 - What’s ... the pCO2? ... Medications, Central, ↑ CO2 ... alkalosis drive • Hypoxemia ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Hypoxia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... : Interstitial lung ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... bypassing the lungs ... Respiratory #Failure #hypoxia