1073 results
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 ... HCO3 > 28mmol/L) CO2 ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
ABG vs VBG: Arterial vs Venous Blood Gases

ABG
PROS: Tells you exactly what the arterial environment looks
vs Venous Blood Gases ... looks like (pH, PaCO2 ... Comparison #pH #pCO2
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
#Pathophysiology #PCOS #Polycystic #Ovarian #Syndrome #Symptoms
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... (PCOS) #Pathophysiology ... #PCOS #Polycystic ... #Ovarian #Syndrome
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Acetazolamide Causes
Causes of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Primary Myocardial Processes (> 90%):
 • Acquired structural heart disease: CAD, Most
Causes of Sudden ... Long/short QT syndromes ... , Brugada syndrome ... Cardiac #Arrest #cardiology ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Environmental:
 • Toxin (organic solvents, mercury, lead)
 •
Causes of Recurrent ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... hyperthyroidism • PCOS ... • Asherman's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... gas equation • Causes ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... • Most common cause ... hepatopulmonary syndrome