40 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
monitor cardiac & pulmonary ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... intubation, single lung ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
cycle to uncover pathophysiology ... data regarding pulmonary ... pathophysiology ... the heart to the lung ... output state - Pulmonary
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
+ (↑ pH) • ↓ PCO2 ... + (Acid) • ↑ PCO2 ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #respiratory
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... diagnosis #causes #pathophysiology
Obstructive Lung Diseases - Pathophysiology

 • Chronic Bronchitis
 • Emphysema
 • Asthma
 • Bronchitis

Sarah Lyon @sarahthelyon

#Obstructive
Obstructive Lung ... Diseases - Pathophysiology ... #Obstructive #Lung ... #Diseases #Pathophysiology ... #Pulmonary
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) - Basics
Mode of cardiopulmonary support used to treat pulmonary and/or cardiovascular failure
used to treat pulmonary ... , allowing for lung ... (pulmonary support ... flow determines PCO2 ... Basics #management #pulmonary
Ground Glass Opacities on Lung CT - Pathophysiology
Ground glass opacity lung is denser (whiter) than normal
Glass Opacities on Lung ... CT - Pathophysiology ... glass opacity lung ... #pulmonary #ChestCT ... #Pathophysiology
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... lobar collapse, lung ... collapse, or pulmonary ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2
Balloon Visualization - Mechanical Ventilation Pressures - PIP, PPlat, PEEP

Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP): Dynamic pressure needed
fully inflate the lung ... forces of the lung ... which reflects lung ... Diagnosis #Balloon #Pathophysiology ... #Pulmonary