1152 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... , Atelectasis, Pulmonary ... Diffusion Defect: Pulmonary ... alveolar #arterial #pulmonary
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
monitor cardiac & pulmonary ... • PvCO2 - Mixed ... venous CO2 • ... PaCO2 - Arterial ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Perform computations online at:
ScyMed.com
6th ED
ICU-card
«ICU, Formulas & Drugs»
HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS
Condition
SAP
CVP

PAP PCWP

CO C(a-v)02 PVR

SVR
Hypovolemic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
Cardiogenic shock
↓
1
↑
1

1
↑

Septic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↓
↓
↓
Cardiac Tamponade
.
↑
↑
1
↓

→
↑
RV
→ ↓ → →↑ Pulmonary ... +2PDP)/3 Mean Pulmonary ... MPAP-WP)*79.92)/CO Pulmonary ... MPAP-WP)*79.92)/CI Pulmonary ... = 1.36 cmH20 PULMONARY
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
data regarding pulmonary ... pathophysiology CLINICAL ... WAVEFORM - Critical ... output state - Pulmonary ... patterns #diagnosis #pulmonary
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
type of hypoxia) PIO2 ... O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... hypoxia) - Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
+ (↑ pH) • ↓ PCO2 ... + (Acid) • ↑ PCO2 ... pathophysiology #pulmonary
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
week of a known clinical ... consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Look at the pCO2 ... Metabolic Equal (If pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... calculate the expected pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2 ... diagnosis #comparison #pulmonary
Differential Diagnosis of Pleuritic Chest Pain:

Categorized by causes: Cardiac, Pulmonary, MSK, Drug/Toxins, Heme/Onc, Renal, Autoimmune

#Diagnosis #Pleuritic
causes: Cardiac, Pulmonary ... , MSK, Drug/Toxins