1050 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
#Pathophysiology #PCOS #Polycystic #Ovarian #Syndrome #Symptoms
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... (PCOS) #Pathophysiology ... #PCOS #Polycystic ... #Ovarian #Syndrome
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
pathophysiology CLINICAL ... Assessing for CO2 ... Transition as CO2 ... - Arterial CO2 ... WAVEFORM - Critical
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Moderate HPS: ≥ 60 PaO2 ... Severe HPS: ≥ 50 PaO2 ... Very severe HPS: PaO2 ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Blood Gas (ABG) Interpretation and Acid-Base Pathology
1- Does the patient have an acidosis or an alkalosis?
Look at the pCO2 ... Metabolic Equal (If pCO2 ... the change in pCO2 ... calculate the expected pCO2 ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... week of a known clinical ... - 200 mm Hg < PaO2 ... - 100 mm Hg < PaO2 ... Respiratory #Distress #Syndrome
Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Hyperandrogenism, Family Planning, Endometrial cancer prevention, Cardiovascular risk factor management
→ Weight
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ... (PCOS) Hyperandrogenism ... treatments for PCOS ... BrighamChiefs #PCOS ... Polycystic #Ovary #Syndrome
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
for each 10 - in pCO2 ... for each 10 J in pCO2 ... pk + log (HCO3/(PCO2 ... 70 mmHg on 100% mask ... Distress Syndrome
Understanding & Treating ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

•  Timing - within one week of
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... Impaired Oxygenation PaO2 ... Distress #Acute #Syndrome
COPD phenotypes:  Blue Bloaters vs. Pink Puffers
The two most stereotypical forms of COPD are pink
physiology and clinical ... causing ineffective CO2 ... a near-normal PaCO2 ... have an overlap syndrome ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome