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Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
ischemic changes CXR ... Catheterization: • PCWP
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
wedge pressure (PCWP ... Radiology #CHF #CXR
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
↓ CO, ↑ SVR, ↓ PCWP ... ↓ CO, ↑ SVR, ↑ PCWP ... ↓ CO, ↑ SVR, ↓ PCWP ... ↑ CO, ↓ SVR, ↓ PCWP
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
pneumonia: Viral PCP ... This was a PCP-infection ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR
A 50 yo F with a history of poor dentition presents to the ED with fever
already seen her PCP ... A CXR is done. ... Clinical #Radiology #CXR
Differentiating PAH from PVH - Echocardiography
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH):
 • RV size - Enlarged
 • LA
Normal/Low • PCWP ... mmHg • PADP-PCWP ... Normal/High • PCWP ... mmHg • PADP-PCWP
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP ... based on PVR & PCWP ... RAP/PCWP RATIO ... • A ↑ RA/PCWP correlates ... • RA/PCWP>0.54
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
wedge pressure (PCWP ... x [mean PAp – PCWP ... LVSWI = [MAP – PCWP
Estimated Medical Radiation Doses for 5 Year-Old Child

3-view ankle	0.0015 mSv	1/14th CXRs
2-view chest	0.02 mSv	1 CXRs
Anteroposterior and lateral
0.0015 mSv 1/14th CXRs ... chest 0.02 mSv 1 CXRs ... scan 6.2 mSv 310 CXRs ... scan 15.3 mSv 765 CXRs ... through 1 mSv 50 CXRs
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
• CD4 < 200: PCP ... Evaluation: Imaging (CXR ... Blood and sputum cx ... TB PCR sputum, PCP