9 results
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Pathophysiology ... Nucleotidase • ALT ... obstruction • ALP ... cholangitis #diagnosis #workup ... #hepatology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Diagnosis and Workup ... changes), high MCV anemia ... not required in all ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #hematology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
They work primarily ... upset (since it works ... GLP1 #Agonists #Pharmacology ... #Dosing #Diabetes ... #DM2 #Endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
in 1923 Low ALP ... cases diagnosed during ... • Pernicious anemia ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
Normal and Renal Dosing ... Increase Incretins (GLP-I ... DPP4 inhibitors work ... #Pharmacology # ... Management #Diabetes #DM2
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
mass • Rapidly rising ... Significant ↓ PLT ... - infiltrates (anemia ... count • ↓Hg & PLT ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Anemia of Hospitalization - Pathophysiology

Why does the Hgb/Hct drop in the first two days during hospitalization?

Interestingly,
- Pathophysiology ... adversely affecting all ... phlebotomy/ blood work ... lying down (Fox et al ... Hospitalization #causes #pathophysiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Incidence: common in APL ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... day vs. 2.5 mg/m2 ... fluid overload, PCC ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Albumin > 4) Work-up ... Castleman disease • AL ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia ... differential #diagnosis #hematology