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Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Too slow • Pericardium ... - Water - Pus ... • Pleura: - Effusion ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... #pulmonary
Right pleural effusion with "spine sign" seen beautifully by using large footprint curvilinear transducer on lung
Right pleural effusion ... with "spine sign ... Care Ultrasound (POCUS ... #Clinical #POCUS ... #ultrasound #pulmonary
Pericardial effusion with signs of tamponade on POCUS Echocardiogram (S4c)
RA collapse= earliest sign. RV collapse =
Pericardial effusion ... on POCUS Echocardiogram ... gabsters003 #Pericardial ... #effusion #tamponade ... #POCUS #clinical
Checklist for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension
 • Record estimated PASP
 • Evaluate RV size
Evaluation of Pulmonary ... • Evaluate for signs ... • Evaluate for pericardial ... effusion • Evaluate ... for causes of PH
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
deep breathing Pulmonary ... Tachypnea: • Pulmonary ... Cardiac ischemia • Pericardial ... effusion/Tamponade ... Hematologic
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Possible small plural effusion ... pleura in severe cases ... Possible bilateral effusion ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #Lung #POCUS #ultrasound
Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm indicative of
Spine sign: visualization ... absence of pleural effusion ... #SpineSign #POCUS ... #Clinical #Pleural ... #Effusion #Pulmonary
Hydropneumothorax on Lung POCUS

HIV/AID(CD4<250) with cough, dyspnea.Left lung anterior mid. Left lung. Findings consistent with PNA.
consistent with PNA ... Has pleural effusion ... #bubbles #POCUS ... #clinical #ultrasound ... #pulmonary
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
in blood flow caused ... effusion, cardiac ... Depends on the cause ... Pulmonary embolism ... effusion, small
Localized Tamponade on POCUS Echocardiogram
Pericardial effusion on Ddx? Ensure at least 2 views. Case of low-pressure
Localized Tamponade on POCUS ... Echocardiogram Pericardial ... Case of low-pressure ... #Tamponade #POCUS ... Echocardiogram #clinical